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  <div class="section" id="module-glob">
<span id="glob-unix-style-pathname-pattern-expansion"></span><h1>10.7. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt></a> &#8212; Unix style pathname pattern expansion<a class="headerlink" href="#module-glob" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0"><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/glob.py">Lib/glob.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt></a> module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern
according to the rules used by the Unix shell.  No tilde expansion is done, but
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">?</span></tt>, and character ranges expressed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[]</span></tt> will be correctly
matched.  This is done by using the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.listdir" title="os.listdir"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.listdir()</span></tt></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="fnmatch.html#fnmatch.fnmatch" title="fnmatch.fnmatch"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fnmatch.fnmatch()</span></tt></a> functions in concert, and not by actually invoking a
subshell.  Note that unlike <a class="reference internal" href="fnmatch.html#fnmatch.fnmatch" title="fnmatch.fnmatch"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fnmatch.fnmatch()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob</span></tt></a> treats
filenames beginning with a dot (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt>) as special cases.  (For tilde and shell
variable expansion, use <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.expanduser" title="os.path.expanduser"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.path.expanduser()</span></tt></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.expandvars" title="os.path.expandvars"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.path.expandvars()</span></tt></a>.)</p>
<p>For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.
For example, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'[?]'</span></tt> matches the character <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'?'</span></tt>.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="glob.glob">
<tt class="descclassname">glob.</tt><tt class="descname">glob</tt><big>(</big><em>pathname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#glob.glob" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match <em>pathname</em>, which must be
a string containing a path specification. <em>pathname</em> can be either absolute
(like <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile</span></tt>) or relative (like
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">../../Tools/*/*.gif</span></tt>), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken
symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell).</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="glob.iglob">
<tt class="descclassname">glob.</tt><tt class="descname">iglob</tt><big>(</big><em>pathname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#glob.iglob" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return an <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterator"><em class="xref std std-term">iterator</em></a> which yields the same values as <a class="reference internal" href="#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob()</span></tt></a>
without actually storing them all simultaneously.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.5.</span></p>
</dd></dl>

<p>For example, consider a directory containing only the following files:
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">1.gif</span></tt>, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">2.txt</span></tt>, and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">card.gif</span></tt>.  <a class="reference internal" href="#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">glob()</span></tt></a> will produce
the following results.  Notice how any leading components of the path are
preserved.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">glob</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;./[0-9].*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">[&#39;./1.gif&#39;, &#39;./2.txt&#39;]</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;*.gif&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">[&#39;1.gif&#39;, &#39;card.gif&#39;]</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;?.gif&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">[&#39;1.gif&#39;]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the directory contains files starting with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> they won&#8217;t be matched by
default. For example, consider a directory containing <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">card.gif</span></tt> and
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.card.gif</span></tt>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">glob</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;*.gif&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">[&#39;card.gif&#39;]</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;.c*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">[&#39;.card.gif&#39;]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="fnmatch.html#module-fnmatch" title="fnmatch: Unix shell style filename pattern matching."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">fnmatch</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Shell-style filename (not path) expansion</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>


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